To my knowledge, the
Beatrice first appears in
First Strike, which was published in 2003 and which Nylund also wrote, but it doesn't seem that the ship was named until
Ghosts of Onyx, which was published in April 2007. (This is after a skim of
Strike. I don't own
Onyx =I could be mistaken.) So I would say since
Bungie didn't begin work on ODST until 2008, either a) the name
Beatrice is not a reference to the
Divine Comedy but rather a happy coincidence, b) Nylund is originating the Dante connection here, or c) the Dante connection is part of the Halo Bible and existed prior to
ODST as evidenced by Nylund's use of it. In support of the idea of ship name as reference, Halsey does have tremendous guilt about her role in the creation of the Spartan-II's and her mission to Onyx, which she undertakes aboard the
Beatrice, is, in her mind, an attempt to redeem herself: "There was so much to do and so little time left for her, the Spartans, and the human race. She could do something, though. She'd save them one person at a time, starting with Linda, then Kelly, and then a handful of important others. Of course, it meant betraying everyone who trusted her - but if that was the only way Dr. Halsey could save herself,
and her soul, then she'd do it." (p. 249,
FS). Though I don't immediately associate Onyx with heaven or hell (outside of its being a Forerunner construct), it is the location of the portal to the shield world, which is - or at least appears to be - a paradiso of sorts.
As for Señor Nylund, his role in the development of the Halo canon is unquestionable. He is the author of (imo) the most important books:
The Fall of Reach,
First Strike, and
Ghosts of Onyx. (
Contact Harvest is also important, but it's still a prequel, i.e., it doesn't deal with John, Halsey, Cortana, etc.) Nylund also wrote "The Impossible Life and Possible Death of Preston J. Cole" in
Evolutions, so he appears to be Bungie's go-to person for fleshing out the lore. (Cole appears elsewhere in the canon - Buckell's
Cole Protocol is named after him - but it is here, in the short story, where we learn the most about the character.) Nylund features prominently in the
Halo Legends commentaries. Unlike Dietz and Buckell, whose books are basically action pieces, Nylund is definitely more than a hired gun.
Plus, Lucifer is a character in his current non-Halo
Mortal Coils series, so yeah, he's probably read
Divine Comedy. Least he should have.
P.S.
Here's an Weekly Update interview with Nylund where he discusses
Onyx and the story process.